Restoration ecology works to restore the natural integrity and resilience of ecosystem(s). Some examples are attempts to reverse damages such as forests, clear-cuts, pollution, overfishing, eutrophication, and compromised habitats. Essentially, restoration ecology is the recovery of degraded, damaged, and unsustainably managed ecosystems. Species decline and extinction and reduced ecosystem services are primarily caused by habitat loss. SPUN is chiefly concerned with stopping and reversing loss of fungal life, and regenerating populations.